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Japanese verb書く (kaku) Conjugation
書く (kaku) means “to write”. It is a う-verb (godan) verb. It is an う-verb (godan): the last sound changes, 書かない and 書きます, and the te-form is 書いて. Below is its conjugation in all 14 forms, plain and polite, the same forms the Japanese verb conjugation worksheets print in their answer keys.
- Meaning
- to write
- Type
- う-verb (godan)
- Dictionary form
- 書く
- Reading
- かく
- Romaji
- kaku
- Masu form
- 書きます
- Nai form
- 書かない
- Te-form
- 書いて
- Ta form
- 書いた
Basic forms
Present現在形・辞書形
| Plain | 書く |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 書かない |
| Polite | 書きます |
| Polite negative | 書きません |
Past過去形・た形
| Plain | 書いた |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 書かなかった |
| Polite | 書きました |
| Polite negative | 書きませんでした |
Te-formて形
| Plain | 書いて |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 書かないで |
Progressive (-te iru)ている
| Plain | 書いている |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 書いていない |
| Polite | 書いています |
| Polite negative | 書いていません |
Wanting, inviting, telling
Want to (-tai)たい形
| Plain | 書きたい |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 書きたくない |
| Polite | 書きたいです |
| Polite negative | 書きたくないです |
Volitional意向形
| Plain | 書こう |
|---|---|
| Polite | 書きましょう |
Imperative and requests命令形
| Plain command | 書け |
|---|---|
| Plain negative (don't) | 書くな |
| Polite request (-te kudasai) | 書いてください |
| Polite negative (-naide kudasai) | 書かないでください |
Can and if
Potential可能形
| Plain | 書ける |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 書けない |
| Polite | 書けます |
| Polite negative | 書けません |
Conditional (-ba)仮定形・ば
| Plain | 書けば |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 書かなければ |
Conditional (-tara)たら
| Plain | 書いたら |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 書かなかったら |
Passive and causative
Passive受身形
| Plain | 書かれる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 書かれない |
| Polite | 書かれます |
| Polite negative | 書かれません |
Causative使役形
| Plain | 書かせる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 書かせない |
| Polite | 書かせます |
| Polite negative | 書かせません |
Causative passive使役受身形
| Plain | 書かされる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 書かされない |
| Polite | 書かされます |
| Polite negative | 書かされません |
More common Japanese verbs and adjectives
- 食べる (taberu)to eat
- 飲む (nomu)to drink
- 見る (miru)to see, to watch
- 聞く (kiku)to hear, to listen, to ask
- 話す (hanasu)to speak, to talk
- 読む (yomu)to read
- 買う (kau)to buy
- 待つ (matsu)to wait
- 会う (au)to meet
- わかる (wakaru)to understand
- 思う (omou)to think
- 言う (iu)to say
About these tables
The forms are built from Wiktionary's conjugation tables, and they are the ones the Japanese verb conjugation worksheet generator prints, so a chart or answer key made there matches this page. That page explains how the forms were checked.
Print this verb chart opens 書く (kaku) on the worksheet preview with every form filled in, ready to print on A4 or US Letter or save as PDF. To practice it with other verbs and adjectives, the generator also makes blank conjugation boxes and quick quizzes with answer keys. To practice online instead, the Japanese verb conjugation quiz marks each form as you type it.
Verbs, adjectives and their meanings come from JMdict, the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used in conformance with the Group's licence. The forms are built by the standard rules, with the irregular ones written out.