← All Japanese verbs and adjectives
Japanese verb断る (kotowaru) Conjugation
断る (kotowaru) means “to refuse, to reject, to dismiss”. It is a う-verb (godan) verb. It is an う-verb (godan): the last sound changes, 断らない and 断ります, and the te-form is 断って. Below is its conjugation in all 14 forms, plain and polite, the same forms the Japanese verb conjugation worksheets print in their answer keys.
- Meaning
- to refuse, to reject, to dismiss
- Type
- う-verb (godan)
- Dictionary form
- 断る
- Reading
- ことわる
- Romaji
- kotowaru
- Masu form
- 断ります
- Nai form
- 断らない
- Te-form
- 断って
- Ta form
- 断った
Basic forms
Present現在形・辞書形
| Plain | 断る |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 断らない |
| Polite | 断ります |
| Polite negative | 断りません |
Past過去形・た形
| Plain | 断った |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 断らなかった |
| Polite | 断りました |
| Polite negative | 断りませんでした |
Te-formて形
| Plain | 断って |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 断らないで |
Progressive (-te iru)ている
| Plain | 断っている |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 断っていない |
| Polite | 断っています |
| Polite negative | 断っていません |
Wanting, inviting, telling
Want to (-tai)たい形
| Plain | 断りたい |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 断りたくない |
| Polite | 断りたいです |
| Polite negative | 断りたくないです |
Volitional意向形
| Plain | 断ろう |
|---|---|
| Polite | 断りましょう |
Imperative and requests命令形
| Plain command | 断れ |
|---|---|
| Plain negative (don't) | 断るな |
| Polite request (-te kudasai) | 断ってください |
| Polite negative (-naide kudasai) | 断らないでください |
Can and if
Potential可能形
| Plain | 断れる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 断れない |
| Polite | 断れます |
| Polite negative | 断れません |
Conditional (-ba)仮定形・ば
| Plain | 断れば |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 断らなければ |
Conditional (-tara)たら
| Plain | 断ったら |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 断らなかったら |
Passive and causative
Passive受身形
| Plain | 断られる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 断られない |
| Polite | 断られます |
| Polite negative | 断られません |
Causative使役形
| Plain | 断らせる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 断らせない |
| Polite | 断らせます |
| Polite negative | 断らせません |
Causative passive使役受身形
| Plain | 断らされる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 断らされない |
| Polite | 断らされます |
| Polite negative | 断らされません |
More common Japanese verbs and adjectives
- 盗む (nusumu)to steal
- 埋める (umeru)to bury
- 黙る (damaru)to be silent, to say nothing
- 記す (shirusu)to write down, to note down, to jot down
- 言い渡す (iiwatasu)to announce, to tell, to sentence
- 高める (takameru)to raise, to lift, to boost
- 倒れる (taoreru)to fall, to collapse, to take a fall
- 当てる (ateru)to hit
- 物語る (monogataru)to tell, to give an account of, to relate
- 誘う (sasou)to invite, to ask, to call
- 落ちる (ochiru)to fall, to drop, to come down
- 早める (hayameru)to bring forward, to advance, to hasten
About these tables
The forms are built from Wiktionary's conjugation tables, and they are the ones the Japanese verb conjugation worksheet generator prints, so a chart or answer key made there matches this page. That page explains how the forms were checked.
Print this verb chart opens 断る (kotowaru) on the worksheet preview with every form filled in, ready to print on A4 or US Letter or save as PDF. To practice it with other verbs and adjectives, the generator also makes blank conjugation boxes and quick quizzes with answer keys. To practice online instead, the Japanese verb conjugation quiz marks each form as you type it.
Verbs, adjectives and their meanings come from JMdict, the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used in conformance with the Group's licence. The forms are built by the standard rules, with the irregular ones written out.