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Japanese verb下る (kudaru) Conjugation
下る (kudaru) means “to descend, to go down, to come down”. It is a う-verb (godan) verb. It is an う-verb (godan): the last sound changes, 下らない and 下ります, and the te-form is 下って. Below is its conjugation in all 14 forms, plain and polite, the same forms the Japanese verb conjugation worksheets print in their answer keys.
- Meaning
- to descend, to go down, to come down
- Type
- う-verb (godan)
- Dictionary form
- 下る
- Reading
- くだる
- Romaji
- kudaru
- Masu form
- 下ります
- Nai form
- 下らない
- Te-form
- 下って
- Ta form
- 下った
Basic forms
Present現在形・辞書形
| Plain | 下る |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 下らない |
| Polite | 下ります |
| Polite negative | 下りません |
Past過去形・た形
| Plain | 下った |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 下らなかった |
| Polite | 下りました |
| Polite negative | 下りませんでした |
Te-formて形
| Plain | 下って |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 下らないで |
Progressive (-te iru)ている
| Plain | 下っている |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 下っていない |
| Polite | 下っています |
| Polite negative | 下っていません |
Wanting, inviting, telling
Want to (-tai)たい形
| Plain | 下りたい |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 下りたくない |
| Polite | 下りたいです |
| Polite negative | 下りたくないです |
Volitional意向形
| Plain | 下ろう |
|---|---|
| Polite | 下りましょう |
Imperative and requests命令形
| Plain command | 下れ |
|---|---|
| Plain negative (don't) | 下るな |
| Polite request (-te kudasai) | 下ってください |
| Polite negative (-naide kudasai) | 下らないでください |
Can and if
Potential可能形
| Plain | 下れる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 下れない |
| Polite | 下れます |
| Polite negative | 下れません |
Conditional (-ba)仮定形・ば
| Plain | 下れば |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 下らなければ |
Conditional (-tara)たら
| Plain | 下ったら |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 下らなかったら |
Passive and causative
Passive受身形
| Plain | 下られる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 下られない |
| Polite | 下られます |
| Polite negative | 下られません |
Causative使役形
| Plain | 下らせる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 下らせない |
| Polite | 下らせます |
| Polite negative | 下らせません |
Causative passive使役受身形
| Plain | 下らされる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 下らされない |
| Polite | 下らされます |
| Polite negative | 下らされません |
More common Japanese verbs and adjectives
- 余る (amaru)to remain, to be left over, to be in excess
- 連れる (tsureru)to take with one, to bring along, to go with
- 追いつく (oitsuku)to catch up, to draw level, to pull even
- 締め切る (shimekiru)to close up, to shut up
- 損なう (sokonau)to harm, to hurt, to injure
- 意気込む (ikigomu)to be enthusiastic, to be eager, to be keen
- 苦しめる (kurushimeru)to torment, to pain, to inflict pain
- 好む (konomu)to like, to prefer
- 慌てる (awateru)to become confused, to be flustered, to panic
- 催す (moyoosu)to hold, to give
- 始める (hajimeru)to start, to begin, to commence
- 写る (utsuru)to be photographed, to be projected
About these tables
The forms are built from Wiktionary's conjugation tables, and they are the ones the Japanese verb conjugation worksheet generator prints, so a chart or answer key made there matches this page. That page explains how the forms were checked.
Print this verb chart opens 下る (kudaru) on the worksheet preview with every form filled in, ready to print on A4 or US Letter or save as PDF. To practice it with other verbs and adjectives, the generator also makes blank conjugation boxes and quick quizzes with answer keys. To practice online instead, the Japanese verb conjugation quiz marks each form as you type it.
Verbs, adjectives and their meanings come from JMdict, the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used in conformance with the Group's licence. The forms are built by the standard rules, with the irregular ones written out.