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Japanese verb努める (tsutomeru) Conjugation
努める (tsutomeru) means “to endeavor, to endeavour, to try hard”. It is a る-verb (ichidan) verb. It is a る-verb (ichidan): drop the る and add the ending, so 努めます, 努めない, 努めて. Below is its conjugation in all 14 forms, plain and polite, the same forms the Japanese verb conjugation worksheets print in their answer keys.
- Meaning
- to endeavor, to endeavour, to try hard
- Type
- る-verb (ichidan)
- Dictionary form
- 努める
- Reading
- つとめる
- Romaji
- tsutomeru
- Masu form
- 努めます
- Nai form
- 努めない
- Te-form
- 努めて
- Ta form
- 努めた
Basic forms
Present現在形・辞書形
| Plain | 努める |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 努めない |
| Polite | 努めます |
| Polite negative | 努めません |
Past過去形・た形
| Plain | 努めた |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 努めなかった |
| Polite | 努めました |
| Polite negative | 努めませんでした |
Te-formて形
| Plain | 努めて |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 努めないで |
Progressive (-te iru)ている
| Plain | 努めている |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 努めていない |
| Polite | 努めています |
| Polite negative | 努めていません |
Wanting, inviting, telling
Want to (-tai)たい形
| Plain | 努めたい |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 努めたくない |
| Polite | 努めたいです |
| Polite negative | 努めたくないです |
Volitional意向形
| Plain | 努めよう |
|---|---|
| Polite | 努めましょう |
Imperative and requests命令形
| Plain command | 努めろ |
|---|---|
| Plain negative (don't) | 努めるな |
| Polite request (-te kudasai) | 努めてください |
| Polite negative (-naide kudasai) | 努めないでください |
Can and if
Potential可能形
| Plain | 努められる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 努められない |
| Polite | 努められます |
| Polite negative | 努められません |
Conditional (-ba)仮定形・ば
| Plain | 努めれば |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 努めなければ |
Conditional (-tara)たら
| Plain | 努めたら |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 努めなかったら |
Passive and causative
Passive受身形
| Plain | 努められる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 努められない |
| Polite | 努められます |
| Polite negative | 努められません |
Causative使役形
| Plain | 努めさせる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 努めさせない |
| Polite | 努めさせます |
| Polite negative | 努めさせません |
Causative passive使役受身形
| Plain | 努めさせられる |
|---|---|
| Plain negative | 努めさせられない |
| Polite | 努めさせられます |
| Polite negative | 努めさせられません |
More common Japanese verbs and adjectives
- 追う (ou)to chase, to run after, to pursue
- 踏まえる (fumaeru)to be based on
- 分ける (wakeru)to divide, to split, to part
- 離れる (hanareru)to be separated, to be apart, to be distant
- 運ぶ (hakobu)to carry, to transport, to move
- 応じる (oujiru)to respond, to answer, to reply
- 欠かす (kakasu)to miss, to fail
- 控える (hikaeru)to be temperate in, to refrain, to abstain
- 殺す (korosu)to kill, to slay, to murder
- 失う (ushinau)to lose
- 終える (oeru)to finish, to get through with, to complete
- 打つ (utsu)to hit, to strike, to knock
About these tables
The forms are built from Wiktionary's conjugation tables, and they are the ones the Japanese verb conjugation worksheet generator prints, so a chart or answer key made there matches this page. That page explains how the forms were checked.
Print this verb chart opens 努める (tsutomeru) on the worksheet preview with every form filled in, ready to print on A4 or US Letter or save as PDF. To practice it with other verbs and adjectives, the generator also makes blank conjugation boxes and quick quizzes with answer keys. To practice online instead, the Japanese verb conjugation quiz marks each form as you type it.
Verbs, adjectives and their meanings come from JMdict, the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used in conformance with the Group's licence. The forms are built by the standard rules, with the irregular ones written out.